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| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| 3 characteristics that all cells have in common | 1. DNA/RNA 2. cell membrane 3. ribosomes |
| 3 reasons why cells are small | 1. DNA/RNA content 2. diffusion 3. Surface Area to Volume ratio |
| a form of endocytosis; bringing large substances into the cell; "cell-eating" | phagocytosis |
| a form of endocytosis; bringing liquids into the cell; "cell-drinking" | pinocytosis |
| a hole n the cell membrane of animal cells; used for cell to cell communication | gap junction |
| a long strand that helps in cell movement; usually only a few on a cell; whip like motion | flagella |
| A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell | Karyotye |
| A solution that contains less solute than the cell causing it to swell up or burst | Hypotonic |
| a solution that contains MORE solute than the cell; the cell with shrivel up | hypertonic |
| a structure that contains pigments or starch | plastids |
| a support structure in plant cells; made of cellulose; strong and rigid; found outside of cell membrane | cell wall |
| A type of active transport; bringing substances into the cell | Endocytosis |
| a type of active transport; moving substances out of the cell | exocytosis |
| a type of solution where the solute concentration is even both inside and outside of the cell | isotonic |
| An example of passive transport that involves membrane proteins | Facilated diffusion |
| an organelle found in animal cells that helps with cell reproduction | centrioles |
| another name for when a cell bursts | cytolysis |
| Asexual cell division in eukaryotic cells. | mitosis |
| Cell division in prokaryotic cells | binary fission |
| complex type of cell; has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles | eukaryotic |
| control center of the cell | nucleus |
| Division of cytoplasm | cytokinesis |
| everything between the nucleus and cell membrane; consists of organelles and cytosol | cytoplasm |
| function of nucleic acids | inside nucleus |
| G1 | growth |
| G2 | prepare to divide |
| Holes in the plant cell wall so that substances can get from one cell into another cell | Plasmodesmata |
| Hooke | discovered cells in cork |
| if a cell with a diploid number of 52 goes through mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have? | 52 |
| if an organism has a diploid number of 40, how many chromosomes are in an egg cell of that organism? | 80 |
| long thin strands of DNA. usually in this form in the cell | chromatin |
| many small hair-like strands that beat together to help a cell move | cilia |
| movement of molecules from a high to a low concentration; passive transport | diffusion |
| movement of water froma high to a low concentration | osmosis |
| parts of the cell that each have a specific funtion; mini-organs | organelles |
| powerhouse of the cell; cellular respiration occurs here, makes ATP | mitochondria |
| PUMP | active transport |
| S | duplicate DNA |
| Schleiden | plants |
| Schwann | animals |
| simplest type of cell; does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles | prokaryotic |
| smallest unit of life | cell |
| structure inside the nucleus that makes ribsomsomes | nucleolus |
| The clear, jelly-like stuff that organelles are suspended in. | cytosol |
| The growth period of the cell cycle | Interphase |
| The organelle that is sacs of enzymes; digestive center of the cell | lysosomes |
| the organelle that packages and secretes | golgi apparatus |
| the part of the cell that can determines what can come in and go out of the cell | cell membrane |
| the pressure inside a cell | turgor pressure |
| the proteins that DNA coils around when chromatin turns into chromosomes | histones |
| the site of photosynthesis | chloroplast |
| The support structure in animal cells | cytoskeleton |
| the term for two chromosomes that are the same size, same shape, and carry genes for the same traits; however they are NOT identical | homologous chromosomes |
| the term used when a cell has one copy of each chromosome | haploid |
| the term used when a cell has two copies of each chromosome | diploid |
| the trait of a cell membrane that allows some things through but not others | selective permeability |
| the two idedntical parts of a chromosome | sister chromatids |
| these are structures that form during mitosis and help the sister chromatids move | spindle fibers |
| this forms in animal cells during cytokinesis | clevage furrow |
| this forms in plant cells during cytokinesis | cell plate |
| this happens to plant cells when they are put in a hypertonic environment. the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall | plasmolysis |
| This is a characteristic of phosphate heads in a phospholipid molecule; water-loving | hydrophilic |
| this is a characteristic of the fatty acid chains in a phospholipid molecule, water fearing | hydrophobic |
| this is an organelle that gets rid of excess water | contractile vacuole |
| This is the form of DNA when the cell is getting ready to divide | chromosomes |
| this is where protein synthesis happens (proteins are made here) | ribosomes |
| This is where the DNA is found in prokaryotic cells | nucleoid region |
| this is where the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes | kinetochores |
| This organelle helps things move around in the cell; it also helps with detoxification | ER |
| this organelle is used for storage; plant cells have a large central one | vacuole |
| this structure holds the two sister chromatids together in a chromosome | centromere |
| This term describes the structure of the cell membrane | phospholipid bi layer |
| this term is how clearly you are seeing an object when looking through a microscope | resolution |
| This term refers to how big you are seeing an object when looking through a microscope. | magnification |
| uncontrolled cell division | cancer |
| Virchow | cells from cells |
| von Leeuwenhoek | first microscope |
| what are the 3 parts of the cytoskeleton? | microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules |
| What is G0 | the phase after G1 where the cells can leave the cell cycle |
| when a cell exits the cell cycle | G0 |
| when the cell does NOT use energy to move something into or out of it | passive transport |
| When the cell uses energy to move something into or out of it. | Active transport |
| when there is constant movement of molecules into and out of the cell at the same rate; no net change in concentration | dynamic equilibrium |