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| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| Arthropods | invertebrate animals (insects, arachnids and crustaceans) that have a jointed body and limbs and usually a hard shell or exoskeleton that is molted periodically. |
| Autotropic | An organism that makes its own food (as in plants). |
| Bacterioplankton | Refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. |
| Benthos | In freshwater and marine ecosystems, the collection of organisms both attached to or resting on the bottom sediments and burrowed into the sediments |
| Biosphere | Part of the Earth, including air, land, surface rocks, and water, within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. |
| Chemotrophic | An organism that derives energy from the oxidation of organic (chemo-organotrophic) or inorganic (chemolithotrophic) compounds; said of bacteria. |
| Chloroplast | is the organelle that carries out photosynthesis and starch grain formation. A chlorophyll-containing organelle in plants that is the site of photosynthesis. |
| Ecdysis | is the process of molting. |
| Eukaryote | An organism (micro-organism, plant or animal) whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. |
| Geosphere | Refers to the solid parts of the Earth and is used along with atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere to describe the systems of the Earth. In that context, some geologists prefer "lithosphere" over geosphere, but these can be used interchangeably. |
| Heterotrophic | An organism that does not make its own food and must consume other organisms. |
| Holoplankton | Holoplankton are organisms that are planktonic for their entire life cycle. Examples of holoplankton include diatoms, radiolarians, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, amphipods, krill, copepods, salps, and jellyfish |
| Kerogen | is a mixture of organic chemical compounds that make up a portion of the organic matter in sedimentary rocks. When heated to the right temperatures in the Earth’s crust, some types of kerogen release crude oil or natural gas, collectively known as hydrocarbons (fossil fuels). When such kerogens are present in high concentration in rocks such as shale, and have not been heated to a sufficient temperature to release their hydrocarbons, they may form oil shale deposits. |
| Meroplankton | Meroplankton are organisms that are planktonic for only a part of their life cycles, usually the larval stage. Examples of meroplankton include the larvae of sea urchins, starfish, crustaceans, marine worms, and most fish. |
| Metazoan | is an eukaryotic, multicellular organism (animal) that is heterotrophic, lacks cell walls, motile, and embryos pass through an exclusive blastula stage. |
| Phytoplankton | microscopic plants that are generally at the mercy of the currents. Under certain conditions, Some are capable of altering their buoyancy and float nearer the surface, which gives them a competitive advantage for light and creates a surface bloom. Blooms, whether on the surface or in the water column, can lead to problems of dissolved oxygen. |
| Plankton | 1) Small, usually microscopic, plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) in aquatic systems. 2) All of the smaller floating, suspended or self-propelled organisms in a body of water. |
| Prokaryote | An organism whose cells contain no membrane-bound nucleus or other membranous organelles. |
| Protozoan | Is a one-celled eukaryote. That implies that a protozoan is aunicellular microbe whose cell has a membrane-bound nuclei that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals—mobility and heterotrophy. |
| Zooplankton | Aquatic animals that drift with water movements, generally having limited locomotive organs. They include protozoans, small crustaceans, and the larval stages of larger organisms |