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| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve |
| basal metabolic rate | the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
| drive-reduction theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| estrogen | a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity |
| extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment |
| glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
| hierarchy of needs | Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active |
| homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| industrial/organizational psychology | a subfield of psychology that studies and advises on workplace behavior. I/O psychologists select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, and design products and assess responses to them |
| instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| intrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective |
| motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| refractory period | a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
| set point | the point at which an individual’s "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
| sexual disorder | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning |
| sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own gender (homosexual orientation) or the other gender (heterosexual orientation) |
| sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson – excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| social leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support |
| task leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals |
| Theory X | assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above |
| Theory Y | assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity |