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| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| acid | more hydrogen than hydroxide…..... Ph of 1-6 |
| activation energy | energy need to start a reaction |
| active site | the part of the binds where the substrate weakens the bond |
| active transport | movement of molecules from low to high concentration… requires energy |
| adaptation | adjustment to environmental conditions |
| Aerobic respiration | respiration that uses oxygen and produces more ATP |
| alcoholic fermentation | yeast cells change pyruvates into alcohol…... no more than 12% |
| Anaerobic respiration | uses no oxygn and makes alcohol or lactic acid |
| Asexual reproduction | reproduction, as budding, fission, or spore formation, not involving the union of gametes. |
| Atom | the small units that compose all matter |
| atomic mass | the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| ATP | Cells energy unit |
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own food |
| base | more hydroxide than hydrogen |
| binomial nomenclature | using 2 names (genus and species) to identify an organism |
| biological magnification | increase of concentration of chemical as it moves up the food chain |
| biotic vs. abiotic factor | the biotic factor is the animal living in an environment and the abiotic factor is the environment |
| carbohydrate | organic molecule built from monosaccharides, glucose, and fructose |
| carnivore | a flesh eating organism |
| carreir protein | proteins in the membrane which carry things through the membrane |
| carrying capacity | the population size that an environment can sustain |
| catalyst | something that gets a reaction going heat or enzymes |
| cell culture | The maintenance or growth of dispersed cells in a medium after removal from the body |
| cellular respiration | the process by which living organisms harvest the energy in food molecules |
| celsius scale | a temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water as 100 degrees |
| centrifugation | proceeding or acting in a direction away from a center or axis |
| chemical energy | energy within chemical bonds |
| chemical equation | reactants turn into products |
| chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | any of a group of compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, or fluorine often used as cooants, propellants, or foaming agents |
| classificion key | a series of characteristics used to identify an organism |
| coenzyme | help enzymes bind to their substrate |
| commensalism | an ecological interaction where one side benefits and the other remains normal |
| consumer | an organism that consumes others for energy |
| covalent bonda bond in which the atoms share an electron to become stable | a bond in which the atoms share an electron to become stable |
| cubic centimeter | a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter |
| decomposer | an organism that causes decay |
| detritivore | an organism that eats dead animals or waste |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules to low concentration until they real equalibrium |
| ecology | the study of interactions of organisms with each other in their environment |
| ecosystem | an ecological system encompassing a community and all the physical aspects of an environment |
| electron | a negatively charged partacle that orbits the nucleous of an atom |
| element | a substance composed of the same type of atom |
| endocytosis | engulfing molecules too big for diffusion |
| energy level | regions around nuclei in which electrons spin |
| enzyme | protein catalyst, lowers the activatin energy so reactions ovvur at cell tempuratures |
| eukaryote cell | a cell that has a nucleous and many organelles |
| exocytosis | removal of molecules too big for diffusion |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion using a carrying protein |
| fluid mosaic model | the layers of the phosphate lipids that make the cell flexible |
| food chain | a line or pathway of energy in an ecosystem |
| food web | a network of interconnected food chains |
| Glycolysis | the first step of cellular respiration where glucose is split into 2 pyruvates |
| greenhouse effect | increase of carbon diozide which increases the temperatures |
| habitat | a placewhere a particular population of species live |
| herbivore | a organism that eats nly plants and algae |
| heterotroph | an organism that gets food from something else |
| homeostasis | relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group |
| hypertonic solution | a solution that has a higher concetration of solute |
| hypotonic solution | solution that has a higher concentration of H2O that the cell |
| ion | charged atom |
| ionic bond | a bond where electons are transferred |
| isotonic solution | concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane |
| isotope | atoms that are sometimes unstable and releases small amouts of radioactive waves |
| kilogram | a unit of force or weight equal to the weight of a kilogram mass under a gravitational attraction equal to that of the earth |
| light dependent reaction | light |
| Light independent reaction – Calvin Cycle | combine H+ CO2 with ATP to form Glucose |
| lipid | any of various substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents that are usually insoluble in water include fats, waxes, phosphatides, cerebrosides single bond + more hydrogen = saturated double bond + more hydrogen = unsaturated |
| liter | a metric unit of capacity |
| metabolism | the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided |
| meter | basic unit of measure of distance in the metric system |
| metric system | a decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter and on the kilogram |
| microtome | an instrument for cutting sections |
| molecule | formed when atoms come together to become stable |
| mono, di, poly, saccharide | one, two, or more sugar molecules |
| mutualism | a symiotic association in which both sides benefit |
| neutron | neutral particles in the nucleous of an atom |
| niche | a functuional role of a species in an ecosystem |
| nitrogen fixation | the process of combining nitrogern with hydrogen to form ammonia |
| nucleic acid | denaturation hi temps pH extremes |
| nucleus | the center of an atom |
| oganic compound vs. inorganic compound | molecule that contains carbon… inorganic does not have carbon |
| omnivore | an organism that eats plants and animals |
| organ | different tissues working together for a common function |
| Organelle | structures inside a cell that have particular functions |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water from high to low concentration through a membrane |
| ozone (O3) | a gas that is harmful to humans but absorbs UV rays in the upper atmosphere |
| parasitism | a type of predation where the predatr feeds on but does not usually kill the larger organism |
| pH scal | power of hydrogen |
| phagocytosis | engulfing solid molecules too big for diffusion |
| photon | unit of light energy |
| photosynthesis | the rocess by which an organism uses light energy to produce organic compounds |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of a cell due to the loss of water |
| polar molecule | more than one atom onded together by losing or gaining electrons |
| population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place and breed with others in the group |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| producer | an organism that makes its own food from energy and carbon atoms |
| prokaryote cell | first cell to evolve and has few organelles |
| protein | built with amino acids, enzymes, structured functions kallogens |
| proton | a posatively charged particle in the necleous of an atom |
| pyramid of energy | a helpful tool to find how energy is distributed through the food chain |
| pyramid of numbers | a graphical representation of the numbers of individuals in each population in a food chain |
| resolution | capability of making distinguishable the individual parts of an object |
| Semi permeable membrane | only allows certain things in and out |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union of gametes. |
| solute | what you are trying to dissolve |
| solution | combination of two things |
| solvent | is what is dissolving the solute |
| Species | organism that can ate and produce fertile offspring |
| symbiosis | when two or more species live together in long term association |
| system | several organs working for a common function |
| taxonomy | the science of classifying living organisms |
| taxonomy is based on | cell type, cell number, energy, DNA, and method of production |
| temperature inversion | cold air gets trapped underneath warm air which causes a smog |
| theory | abstract thought |
| tissue | a group of similar cells with the same function |
| trophic level | a level in the food chain |
| what are the 7 levels of the classification key? | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| what does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Tri Phosphate |
| what is the equation for photosynthesis? | 6O2 + C6H12O6—> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy |
| what is the formula for cellular respiration? | 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy—> 6O2 + C6H12O6 |
| what is the human taxonomy? | animalia, chordata, mammalia, primate, homonidae, homo, sapien |
| what is the net atp of glycolysis? | 2 |
| where does cellular respiration take place? | the mitochondria |
| where does glycolysis take place? | the cytoplasm |