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| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| .ainai | refusal (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: intent – indecision – rejection/refusal |
| .einai | freedom (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: zar zau) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: obligation – freedom |
| .ianai | disbelief (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: belief – skepticism – disbelief |
| .ii | fear (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: fear – security (cf. terpa, snura) |
| .o | sumti iff (selmaho: A) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| 5th conversion | xe (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: xel) Definition/Notes: 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places |
| adjacent to | re’o (selmaho: FAhA3) Definition/Notes: location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting … |
| American | merko (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: mer) Definition/Notes: x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2(cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico) |
| approve | zanru (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: zar zau) Definition/Notes: x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)(cf. cmavo list zau, natfe) |
| argument | sumti (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sum su’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)(x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu) |
| ba’a | I anticipate (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: evidential: I expect – I experience – I remember (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji) |
| based on | ji’u (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that …; based on … |
| basti | replace (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: bas) Definition/Notes: x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute [also: x1 trades places with x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ba’i, binra) |
| bed | ckana (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: cka) Definition/Notes: x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji) |
| bilma | ill (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: bi’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra) |
| blaci | glass (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2(cf. kabri) |
| bloti | boat (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: lot blo lo’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu) |
| boat | bloti (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: lot blo lo’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu) |
| cabna | now (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: cab) Definition/Notes: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, ‘aorist’ claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca’a) |
| carna | turn (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: car) Definition/Notes: x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 [also revolve (= jincarna)] ; (cf. gunro, jendu) |
| chaotic | kalsa (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: kas) Definition/Notes: x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)(cf. cunso, cnici) |
| characterizing | kai (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: ckaji modal, 1st place characterizing … |
| cikre | repair (selmaho: UI*1) Definition/Notes: x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] ; (cf. cfila, spofu) |
| cinema | skina (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: kin) Definition/Notes: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity] , filmmaker x3, for audience x4 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci’a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] ; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti) |
| ciste | system (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ci’e) Definition/Notes: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci’e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana) |
| ckana | bed (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: cka) Definition/Notes: x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji) |
| cmana | mountain (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: ma’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/ [rise] / [peak] / [summit] / [highlands] projecting from land mass x2(cf. punli, derxi) |
| cmavo | structure word (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ma’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma’oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma’orpoi, m |
| cnici | orderly (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)(cf. cunso, kalsa) |
| complicated | pluja (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: luj) Definition/Notes: x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [also tangled, confused] ; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena) |
| cortu | pain (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: cor cro) Definition/Notes: x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2(cf. cinmo, xrani) |
| cradi | radio (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 [also x1 is a broadcaster] ; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana) |
| cupra | produce (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: pra) Definition/Notes: x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa) |
| dargu | road (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: dag) Definition/Notes: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] ; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji) |
| de’a | pausative (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process |
| decrease | jdika (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu) |
| denmi | dense (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: dem) Definition/Notes: x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3(cf. carmi, midju, viknu) |
| dense | denmi (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: dem) Definition/Notes: x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3(cf. carmi, midju, viknu) |
| dertu | dirt (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: der de’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] ; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi) |
| differ | frica (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: fic) Definition/Notes: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 [also other-than (less common meaning)] ; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici) |
| dikca | electric (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: dic) Definition/Notes: x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma’u and ni’u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] ; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana) |
| dirt | dertu (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: der de’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] ; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi) |
| disbelief | .ianai (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: belief – skepticism – disbelief |
| do’e | unspecif modal (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: elliptical/unspecified modal |
| doubt | senpi (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sen) Definition/Notes: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du’u) is true [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] ; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti) |
| dry | sudga (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sud) Definition/Notes: x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid(cf. cilmo, litki, runta) |
| dust | pulce (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: puc pu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3(cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu) |
| editorial insertion | sa’a (selmaho: UI3a) (rafsi: nix xli) Definition/Notes: discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text) (cf. setca) |
| electric | dikca (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: dic) Definition/Notes: x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma’u and ni’u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] ; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana) |
| end error quote | le’u (selmaho: LEhU) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable |
| erase discourse | su (selmaho: SU) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over |
| family | lanzu (selmaho: KI) (rafsi: laz) Definition/Notes: x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi’u – xy mintu y’y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] ; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi) |
| fanta | prevent (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi) |
| fasten | lasna (selmaho: KOhA4) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] ;(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa) |
| fau | in the event of (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: pra) Definition/Notes: fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of … |
| fear | .ii (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: fear – security (cf. terpa, snura) |
| figurative | pe’a (selmaho: UI3c) (rafsi: pev) Definition/Notes: marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text |
| fill | tisna (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: tis) Definition/Notes: x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up] /inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse’a, tisygau, tisyzu’e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse’a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse’a)] ; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca) |
| flower | xrula (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral(cf. spati) |
| freedom | .einai (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: zar zau) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: obligation – freedom |
| frica | differ (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: fic) Definition/Notes: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 [also other-than (less common meaning)] ; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici) |
| friti | offer (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: fit) Definition/Notes: x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the ‘condition’ of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] ; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pl |
| fuzme | responsible (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: fuz fu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3(cf. bilga) |
| girl | nixli (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: nix xli) Definition/Notes: x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] ; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu) |
| gismu | root word (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: gim gi’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] ; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi) |
| glass | blaci (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2(cf. kabri) |
| go’a | recent bridi (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: fic) Definition/Notes: pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2) |
| grass | srasu (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sas) Definition/Notes: x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)] ; (cf. spati) |
| gray | grusi (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rus) Definition/Notes: x1 is gray [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi) |
| grusi | gray (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rus) Definition/Notes: x1 is gray [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi) |
| hair | kerfa (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: kre) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3(cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu) |
| I anticipate | ba’a (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: evidential: I expect – I experience – I remember (cf. bavykri, lifri, morji) |
| ill | bilma (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: bi’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra) |
| in the event of | fau (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: pra) Definition/Notes: fasnu modal, 1st place (non-causal) in the event of … |
| it-3 | ko’i (selmaho: KOhA4) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi) |
| jalge | result (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: jag ja’e) Definition/Notes: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja’e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja’e, pi’irja’e, sujyja’e)] ; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja’e, ciksi) |
| janco | shoulder (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: jan) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3(cf. birka) |
| jdika | decrease (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu) |
| ji’u | based on (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: jicmu modal, 1st place (assumptions); given that …; based on … |
| jvinu | view (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] ; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco) |
| kai | characterizing (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: ckaji modal, 1st place characterizing … |
| kalsa | chaotic (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: kas) Definition/Notes: x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)(cf. cunso, cnici) |
| kerfa | hair (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: kre) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3(cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu) |
| ki | tense default (selmaho: KI) (rafsi: kre) Definition/Notes: tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base |
| kind | xendo (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: xed xe’o) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3(cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru) |
| ko’i | it-3 (selmaho: KOhA4) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #3 (specified by goi) |
| lafti | lift (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: laf) Definition/Notes: x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe) |
| lanzu | family (selmaho: KI) (rafsi: laz) Definition/Notes: x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi’u – xy mintu y’y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] ; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi) |
| lasna | fasten (selmaho: KOhA4) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] ;(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa) |
| lazni | lazy (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2(cf. nejni, vreta, gunka) |
| lazy | lazni (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2(cf. nejni, vreta, gunka) |
| le’e | the stereotypical (selmaho: LE) (rafsi: lem) Definition/Notes: non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as … |
| le’u | end error quote (selmaho: LEhU) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: end quote of questionable or out-of-context text; not elidable |
| leg | tuple (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: tup tu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli) |
| lift | lafti (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: laf) Definition/Notes: x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe) |
| logic | logji (selmaho: LE) (rafsi: loj) Definition/Notes: x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du’u) [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] ; (cf. nibli) |
| logji | logic (selmaho: LE) (rafsi: loj) Definition/Notes: x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du’u) [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] ; (cf. nibli) |
| lu’a | the individuals of (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals |
| lumci | wash (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: lum lu’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi’o, jisybi’o)] ; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve) |
| ma’a | we with you (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: loj) Definition/Notes: pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified |
| married | speni (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: spe) Definition/Notes: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3(cf. prami, gletu) |
| menli | mind (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: men) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/ [consciousness] of body x2 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so’i menli)] ; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni) |
| merko | American (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: mer) Definition/Notes: x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2(cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico) |
| mi’e | self-introduction (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: laf) Definition/Notes: self vocative: self-introduction – denial of identity; identifies speaker |
| mind | menli (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: men) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/ [consciousness] of body x2 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so’i menli)] ; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni) |
| mountain | cmana (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: ma’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/ [rise] / [peak] / [summit] / [highlands] projecting from land mass x2(cf. punli, derxi) |
| narju | orange (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: naj) Definition/Notes: x1 is orange [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji) |
| natural | rarna (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rar) Definition/Notes: x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)(cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati) |
| nixli | girl (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: nix xli) Definition/Notes: x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] ; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu) |
| now | cabna (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: cab) Definition/Notes: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, ‘aorist’ claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca’a) |
| occasionally | ru’inai (selmaho: TAhE*) Definition/Notes: tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense |
| offer | friti (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: fit) Definition/Notes: x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the ‘condition’ of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] ; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pl |
| orange | narju (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: naj) Definition/Notes: x1 is orange [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji) |
| orderly | cnici (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)(cf. cunso, kalsa) |
| oscillate | slilu (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sli) Definition/Notes: x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] ; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna) |
| pain | cortu (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: cor cro) Definition/Notes: x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2(cf. cinmo, xrani) |
| pante | protest (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: pat) Definition/Notes: x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4(x4 is an event or tu’a quotation) (cf. xarnu) |
| pausative | de’a (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process |
| pe’a | figurative (selmaho: UI3c) (rafsi: pev) Definition/Notes: marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text |
| pindi | poor (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: pid) Definition/Notes: x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1] ; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci) |
| plant | spati (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: spa) Definition/Notes: x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] ; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu) |
| pluja | complicated (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: luj) Definition/Notes: x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [also tangled, confused] ; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena) |
| police | pulji (selmaho: LAhE) Definition/Notes: x1 is a police officer/ [enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca’irpulji, ka’irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] ; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati) |
| poor | pindi (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: pid) Definition/Notes: x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1] ; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci) |
| prevent | fanta (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi) |
| pritu | right (selmaho: UI3c) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ri’u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle) |
| produce | cupra (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: pra) Definition/Notes: x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa) |
| protest | pante (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: pat) Definition/Notes: x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4(x4 is an event or tu’a quotation) (cf. xarnu) |
| pruxi | spirit (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rux ru’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being] ; x1 is ghostly/ethereal [also soul (= ruxse’i)] ; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni) |
| pulce | dust (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: puc pu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3(cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu) |
| pulji | police (selmaho: LAhE) Definition/Notes: x1 is a police officer/ [enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca’irpulji, ka’irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] ; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati) |
| radio | cradi (selmaho: PA1) Definition/Notes: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 [also x1 is a broadcaster] ; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana) |
| rarna | natural (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rar) Definition/Notes: x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)(cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati) |
| re’o | adjacent to (selmaho: FAhA3) Definition/Notes: location tense relation/direction; adjacent to/touching/contacting … |
| recent bridi | go’a (selmaho: GOhA) (rafsi: fic) Definition/Notes: pro-bridi: repeats a recent bridi (usually not the last 2) |
| record | vreji (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: rej vei) Definition/Notes: x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du’u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4(cf. sorcu, datni, papri) |
| red | xunre (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: xun xu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu) |
| refusal | .ainai (selmaho: UI*1) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: intent – indecision – rejection/refusal |
| repair | cikre (selmaho: UI*1) Definition/Notes: x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] ; (cf. cfila, spofu) |
| replace | basti (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: bas) Definition/Notes: x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute [also: x1 trades places with x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ba’i, binra) |
| responsible | fuzme (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: fuz fu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3(cf. bilga) |
| restrain | rinju (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: ri’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is restrained/held [back] /constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back] /constrains x1 from x3 (= selri’u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri’urgau, ri’urzu’e)] ; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji) |
| result | jalge (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: jag ja’e) Definition/Notes: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja’e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja’e, pi’irja’e, sujyja’e)] ; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja’e, ciksi) |
| right | pritu (selmaho: UI3c) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ri’u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle) |
| rinju | restrain (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: ri’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is restrained/held [back] /constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back] /constrains x1 from x3 (= selri’u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri’urgau, ri’urzu’e)] ; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji) |
| road | dargu (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: dag) Definition/Notes: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] ; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji) |
| root word | gismu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: gim gi’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] ; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi) |
| ru’inai | occasionally (selmaho: TAhE*) Definition/Notes: tense interval modifier: occasional/intermittent/discontinuous; defaults as time tense |
| sa’a | editorial insertion (selmaho: UI3a) (rafsi: nix xli) Definition/Notes: discursive: material inserted by editor/narrator (bracketed text) (cf. setca) |
| salpo | slope (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sa’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 [also steep (= tcesa’o); normally implies non-rectilinear] ; (cf. kurfa, tutci) |
| sampu | simple (selmaho: UI3a) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)(cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo) |
| sarji | support (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sra) Definition/Notes: x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/ [helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of ‘reliable’ or ‘dependable’); (x2 is object/event)] ; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu) |
| sedu’u | sentence abstract (selmaho: NU*) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2 |
| self-introduction | mi’e (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: laf) Definition/Notes: self vocative: self-introduction – denial of identity; identifies speaker |
| senci | sneeze (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sec) Definition/Notes: x1 sneezes (intransitive verb)(cf. bilma, kafke) |
| senpi | doubt (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sen) Definition/Notes: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du’u) is true [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] ; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti) |
| sentence abstract | sedu’u (selmaho: NU*) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: compound abstractor: sentence/equation abstract; x1 is text expressing [bridi] which is x2 |
| shoulder | janco (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: jan) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3(cf. birka) |
| simple | sampu (selmaho: UI3a) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)(cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo) |
| skina | cinema (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: kin) Definition/Notes: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity] , filmmaker x3, for audience x4 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci’a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] ; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti) |
| slilu | oscillate (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sli) Definition/Notes: x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] ; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna) |
| slope | salpo (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sa’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 [also steep (= tcesa’o); normally implies non-rectilinear] ; (cf. kurfa, tutci) |
| sneeze | senci (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sec) Definition/Notes: x1 sneezes (intransitive verb)(cf. bilma, kafke) |
| sorcu | store (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: soc sro) Definition/Notes: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store] ; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, pan |
| spati | plant (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: spa) Definition/Notes: x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] ; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu) |
| speni | married (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: spe) Definition/Notes: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3(cf. prami, gletu) |
| spirit | pruxi (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rux ru’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being] ; x1 is ghostly/ethereal [also soul (= ruxse’i)] ; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni) |
| srasu | grass (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sas) Definition/Notes: x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)] ; (cf. spati) |
| stidi | suggest (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sid ti’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti’i, sidyfau)] ; (cf. cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura) |
| store | sorcu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: soc sro) Definition/Notes: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store] ; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, pan |
| structure | stura (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: tur su’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna) |
| structure word | cmavo (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ma’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma’oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma’orpoi, m |
| stura | structure (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: tur su’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna) |
| su | erase discourse (selmaho: SU) (rafsi: sap) Definition/Notes: erase to start of discourse or text; drop subject or start over |
| sudga | dry (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sud) Definition/Notes: x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid(cf. cilmo, litki, runta) |
| suggest | stidi (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: sid ti’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti’i, sidyfau)] ; (cf. cmavo list ti’i, tcica, xlura) |
| sumti | argument (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sum su’i) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)(x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu) |
| sumti iff | .o (selmaho: A) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: logical connective: sumti afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if |
| support | sarji (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: sra) Definition/Notes: x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/ [helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of ‘reliable’ or ‘dependable’); (x2 is object/event)] ; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu) |
| system | ciste (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ci’e) Definition/Notes: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci’e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana) |
| tense default | ki (selmaho: KI) (rafsi: kre) Definition/Notes: tense/modal: set/use tense default; establishes new open scope space/time/modal reference base |
| the individuals of | lu’a (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: la’a) Definition/Notes: the members of the set/components of the mass; converts another description type to individuals |
| the stereotypical | le’e (selmaho: LE) (rafsi: lem) Definition/Notes: non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as … |
| tisna | fill (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: tis) Definition/Notes: x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up] /inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse’a, tisygau, tisyzu’e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse’a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse’a)] ; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca) |
| tuple | leg (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: tup tu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli) |
| turn | carna (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: car) Definition/Notes: x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 [also revolve (= jincarna)] ; (cf. gunro, jendu) |
| unspecif modal | do’e (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: nic) Definition/Notes: elliptical/unspecified modal |
| use up | xaksu (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/ [wastes] x2 [resource] [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] ; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe) |
| view | jvinu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: vin ji’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] ; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco) |
| vreji | record (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: rej vei) Definition/Notes: x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du’u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4(cf. sorcu, datni, papri) |
| vu | yonder at (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: vuz) Definition/Notes: location tense distance: far from … ; yonder at … ; a long distance from … |
| wash | lumci (selmaho: LAhE) (rafsi: lum lu’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi’o, jisybi’o)] ; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve) |
| we with you | ma’a (selmaho: KOhA3) (rafsi: loj) Definition/Notes: pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s) & you the listener(s) & others unspecified |
| xaksu | use up (selmaho: FAhA3) (rafsi: xak) Definition/Notes: x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/ [wastes] x2 [resource] [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] ; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe) |
| xe | 5th conversion (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: xel) Definition/Notes: 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places |
| xendo | kind (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: xed xe’o) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3(cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru) |
| xrula | flower (selmaho: SE) (rafsi: rul) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral(cf. spati) |
| xunre | red (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: xun xu’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu) |
| yonder at | vu (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: vuz) Definition/Notes: location tense distance: far from … ; yonder at … ; a long distance from … |
| zanru | approve (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: zar zau) Definition/Notes: x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)(cf. cmavo list zau, natfe) |