If you'd like to add this set to your collection and start rememberizing it, login to your account now. Of course, if you don't already have an account you should register for free right away!
| Front-side | Reverse-side |
|---|---|
| .i’a | acceptance (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: acceptance – blame (cf. nalna’e, nalpro, no’epro, nalzugjdi) |
| .uo | completion (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: xla) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: completion – incompleteness (cf. mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada) |
| 9 | so (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: soz) Definition/Notes: digit/number: 9 (digit) [nine] |
| acceptance | .i’a (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: acceptance – blame (cf. nalna’e, nalpro, no’epro, nalzugjdi) |
| affair | cuntu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: cu’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2’s business [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu’u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana) |
| affix compound | lujvo (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: luv jvo) Definition/Notes: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4(cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni) |
| amusing | zdile (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: zdi) Definition/Notes: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/ [game] for x2] ; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for ‘funny’, kelci) |
| anticipative | pu’o (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: li’u) Definition/Notes: interval event contour: in anticipation of …; until … ; inchoative |
| approximately | ji’i (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: gic gli) Definition/Notes: digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number) |
| arm | birka (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: bir) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo’e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] ; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla) |
| assert | xusra (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: xus xu’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du’u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] ; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre) |
| attention | ju’i (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: dai) Definition/Notes: vocative: attention – at ease – ignore me |
| avoid | rivbi (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: riv) Definition/Notes: x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] ; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro) |
| bad | xlali (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: xla) Definition/Notes: x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko’a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko’a xlali)] ; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri) |
| bear | cribe (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: rib) Definition/Notes: x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, mabru) |
| because of cause | ri’a (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because … |
| behind | trixe (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rix ti’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo’u, rixybo’ukamju)] ; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle) |
| bei | link more sumti (selmaho: BEI) (rafsi: zdi) Definition/Notes: separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions |
| benji | transfer (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: bej be’i) Definition/Notes: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 [also possibly ’’sharing’’; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied] ; [x5 carrier] ; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, mrilu, tcana) |
| birka | arm (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: bir) Definition/Notes: x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo’e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] ; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla) |
| bread | nanba (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nab) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2(cf. gurni, panlo, toknu) |
| bredi | ready (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: red bre) Definition/Notes: x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)(cf. spaji, jukpa) |
| broken | spofu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: pof po’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu’e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja’e, nutpo’uja’e)] ; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre) |
| by the way | ta’o (selmaho: UI3) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: discursive: by the way – returning to main point (cf. denpa, cneterta’a) |
| canko | window (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ca’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2(cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe) |
| cfari | initiate (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: cfa) Definition/Notes: x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo) |
| cidja | food (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: dja) Definition/Notes: x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina) |
| cifnu | infant (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: cif) Definition/Notes: x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 [also infantile] ; (cf. makcu, verba) |
| ciksi | explain (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: cki) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du’u) [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word n |
| cisma | smile (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] ; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu) |
| climb | cpare (selmaho: BEI) (rafsi: par) Definition/Notes: x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe) |
| command | minde (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: mid mi’e) Definition/Notes: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur [also: x1 orders/sets/ [triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi’e)] ; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe) |
| completion | .uo (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: xla) Definition/Notes: attitudinal: completion – incompleteness (cf. mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada) |
| concept abstract | si’o (selmaho: NU) (rafsi: siz) Definition/Notes: abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2’s concept of [bridi] |
| continuously | ru’i (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: not noi) Definition/Notes: tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense |
| cpare | climb (selmaho: BEI) (rafsi: par) Definition/Notes: x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe) |
| cribe | bear (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: rib) Definition/Notes: x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2(cf. danlu, mabru) |
| ctuca | teach (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ctu) Definition/Notes: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du’u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] ; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni) |
| cuntu | affair (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: cu’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2’s business [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu’u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana) |
| dacti | object (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: dai) Definition/Notes: x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing(cf. marji, xanri) |
| dai | empathy (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: cki) Definition/Notes: attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another’s feelings (cf. cnijmi) |
| dance | dansu (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2(cf. bende, zgike, zajba) |
| dansu | dance (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2(cf. bende, zgike, zajba) |
| data | datni (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (du’u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 [evidence (= velji’i datni or just velji’i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji) |
| datni | data (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 (du’u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 [evidence (= velji’i datni or just velji’i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji) |
| desku | shake (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: des) Definition/Notes: x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] ; (cf. slilu, janbe) |
| east | stuna (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: sun) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna) |
| empathy | dai (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: cki) Definition/Notes: attitudinal modifier: marks empathetic use of preceding attitudinal; shows another’s feelings (cf. cnijmi) |
| end simple bridi | vau (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: tem tei) Definition/Notes: elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti |
| English | glico (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: gic gli) Definition/Notes: x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 [generally assume broadest sense of ‘English’; may refer to ‘English’, pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu’e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)] ; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, sko |
| experience | lifri (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: lif fri) Definition/Notes: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] ; (cf. cmavo list ri’i, jmive, fasnu, renvi) |
| explain | ciksi (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: cki) Definition/Notes: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du’u) [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word n |
| fadni | ordinary (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: fad) Definition/Notes: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] ; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano) |
| fi’o | selbri to modal (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: par) Definition/Notes: convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag |
| food | cidja (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: dja) Definition/Notes: x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina) |
| free | zifre (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: zif zi’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] ; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili) |
| galtu | high (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: gal ga’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] ; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna) |
| gau | with active agent (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent … |
| glico | English (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: gic gli) Definition/Notes: x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 [generally assume broadest sense of ‘English’; may refer to ‘English’, pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu’e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)] ; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, sko |
| govern | turni (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: tru) Definition/Notes: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi’o), representative democracy (= rolka’itrusi’o), viceroy (= ka’itru), pure communism (= guntrusi’o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (em |
| heavy | tilju (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: tij) Definition/Notes: x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2(cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta) |
| help | sidju (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: dju) Definition/Notes: x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3(cf. cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu) |
| high | galtu (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: gal ga’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] ; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna) |
| hope | pacna (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means ‘hope’ or ‘wish’ or ‘expect’: hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is ’’wishing’’; if the state is plausibly likely, it is ’’hop |
| human | remna (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: rem re’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human(cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu) |
| I hear | ti’e (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: soz) Definition/Notes: evidential: I hear (hearsay) (cf. tirna, sitna, tcidu) |
| imaginary | xanri (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: xar) Definition/Notes: x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn’t exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] ; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidb |
| in common with | jo’u (selmaho: JOI) (rafsi: jo’u) Definition/Notes: non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) |
| increase | zenba (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: zen ze’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina) |
| infant | cifnu (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: cif) Definition/Notes: x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 [also infantile] ; (cf. makcu, verba) |
| initiate | cfari (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: cfa) Definition/Notes: x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo) |
| interfere | zunti (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: zun zu’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo) |
| jarco | show (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ja’o) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/ [reveals] /demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja’o, sivja’o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu’a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] ; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jv |
| ji’i | approximately (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: gic gli) Definition/Notes: digit/number: approximately (default the typical value in this context) (number) |
| jinto | well (selmaho: FIhO) Definition/Notes: x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3(cf. krasi, djacu, fenra) |
| jo’u | in common with (selmaho: JOI) (rafsi: jo’u) Definition/Notes: non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) |
| ju’i | attention (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: dai) Definition/Notes: vocative: attention – at ease – ignore me |
| klaku | weep (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: kak) Definition/Notes: x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)(cf. badri, krixa) |
| krasi | source (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: kra) Definition/Notes: x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] ; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra’i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto) |
| krefu | recur (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: ref ke’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (event) is the x3’rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] ; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti) |
| lebna | take (selmaho: JOI) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/ [removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) [also confiscate, appropriate] ; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] ; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva) |
| ledo | your described as (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours |
| lemi | my described as (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine |
| lifri | experience (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: lif fri) Definition/Notes: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] ; (cf. cmavo list ri’i, jmive, fasnu, renvi) |
| link more sumti | bei (selmaho: BEI) (rafsi: zdi) Definition/Notes: separates multiple linked sumti within a selbri; used in descriptions |
| list | liste (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ste) Definition/Notes: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 [also roll, log] ; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) |
| liste | list (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ste) Definition/Notes: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 [also roll, log] ; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) |
| litru | travel (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: li’u) Definition/Notes: x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller(x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu) |
| long time | zu (selmaho: ZI) (rafsi: zif zi’e) Definition/Notes: time tense distance: long distance in time |
| lujvo | affix compound (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: luv jvo) Definition/Notes: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4(cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni) |
| mamta | mother (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: mam) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena) |
| man | nanmu (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: nau) Definition/Notes: x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] ; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa) |
| masno | slow (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: sno) Definition/Notes: x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. sutra) |
| message | notci (selmaho: ZOI) (rafsi: not noi) Definition/Notes: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined – indeed only an ‘intended’ audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject – its corresponding place is for ‘content’); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi |
| minde | command (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: mid mi’e) Definition/Notes: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur [also: x1 orders/sets/ [triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi’e)] ; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe) |
| mother | mamta (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: mam) Definition/Notes: x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena) |
| move | muvdu (selmaho: ZOI) (rafsi: muv mu’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= comymu’u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu’e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri’a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu’u), having a m |
| muvdu | move (selmaho: ZOI) (rafsi: muv mu’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 [also mobile (= comymu’u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu’e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri’a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu’u), having a m |
| my described as | lemi (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of mine |
| nanba | bread (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nab) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2(cf. gurni, panlo, toknu) |
| nanca | year (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual [this year (= cabna’a); next year (= bavlamna’a); last year (= prulamna’a)] ; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti) |
| nanmu | man (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: nau) Definition/Notes: x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] ; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa) |
| need | nitcu (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: tcu) Definition/Notes: x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/ [wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 [no implication of lack] ; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji) |
| ninmu | woman (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: nim ni’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] ; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli) |
| nitcu | need (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: tcu) Definition/Notes: x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/ [wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 [no implication of lack] ; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji) |
| no’i | old topic (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: mid mi’e) Definition/Notes: discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic |
| notci | message (selmaho: ZOI) (rafsi: not noi) Definition/Notes: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined – indeed only an ‘intended’ audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject – its corresponding place is for ‘content’); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi |
| object | dacti (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: dai) Definition/Notes: x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing(cf. marji, xanri) |
| old topic | no’i (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: mid mi’e) Definition/Notes: discursive: paragraph break; resume previous topic |
| ordinary | fadni (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: fad) Definition/Notes: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] ; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano) |
| pacna | hope (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means ‘hope’ or ‘wish’ or ‘expect’: hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is ’’wishing’’; if the state is plausibly likely, it is ’’hop |
| pertain | srana (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: ra’a) Definition/Notes: x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ra’a, ckini, ponse, steci) |
| prali | profit (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: pal) Definition/Notes: x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] ; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, |
| profit | prali (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: pal) Definition/Notes: x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] ; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, |
| pu’o | anticipative (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: li’u) Definition/Notes: interval event contour: in anticipation of …; until … ; inchoative |
| ready | bredi (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: red bre) Definition/Notes: x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)(cf. spaji, jukpa) |
| reclining | vreta (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: vre) Definition/Notes: x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2(cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni) |
| recur | krefu (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: ref ke’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (event) is the x3’rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] ; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti) |
| remain | stali (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: sta) Definition/Notes: x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2(cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi) |
| remna | human (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: rem re’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human(cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu) |
| renro | throw (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: rer re’o) Definition/Notes: x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1)(cf. cecla (more general term), danti) |
| ri’a | because of cause (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: rinka modal, 1st place (phys./mental) causal because … |
| rirxe | river (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ri’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4(cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle) |
| rivbi | avoid (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: riv) Definition/Notes: x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] ; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro) |
| river | rirxe (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ri’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4(cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle) |
| ro’a | social (selmaho: UI4) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: emotion category/modifier: social – antisocial (cf. jikca) |
| ru’i | continuously (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: not noi) Definition/Notes: tense interval modifier: continuously; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense |
| secau | without (selmaho: BAI*) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without … |
| selbri to modal | fi’o (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: par) Definition/Notes: convert selbri to nonce modal/sumti tag |
| selfu | serve (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: sef se’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3(cf. sidju, sarji, gunka) |
| serve | selfu (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: sef se’u) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3(cf. sidju, sarji, gunka) |
| shake | desku (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: des) Definition/Notes: x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] ; (cf. slilu, janbe) |
| shape | tarmi (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: tam tai) Definition/Notes: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci’ersaptai, saptai, ci’ersmitai, smitai)] ; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, |
| short time interval | ze’i (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ze’e) Definition/Notes: time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time |
| show | jarco (selmaho: UI1) (rafsi: ja’o) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/ [reveals] /demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja’o, sivja’o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu’a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] ; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jv |
| si’o | concept abstract (selmaho: NU) (rafsi: siz) Definition/Notes: abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2’s concept of [bridi] |
| sidju | help (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: dju) Definition/Notes: x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3(cf. cmavo list si’u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu) |
| sign | sinxa (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: sni) Definition/Notes: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti’i), connotation (= se sibyti’isni, sibyti’ismu)] ; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni) |
| since | snake (selmaho: UI5) Definition/Notes: x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2(cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu) |
| sinxa | sign (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: sni) Definition/Notes: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti’i), connotation (= se sibyti’isni, sibyti’ismu)] ; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni) |
| sky | tsani (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: tan) Definition/Notes: x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi) |
| slow | masno (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: sno) Definition/Notes: x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)(cf. sutra) |
| smile | cisma (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] ; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu) |
| snake | since (selmaho: UI5) Definition/Notes: x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2(cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu) |
| snanu | south (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nan) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna) |
| so | 9 (selmaho: PA1) (rafsi: soz) Definition/Notes: digit/number: 9 (digit) [nine] |
| social | ro’a (selmaho: UI4) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: emotion category/modifier: social – antisocial (cf. jikca) |
| soup | stasu (selmaho: FIhO) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] ; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso) |
| source | krasi (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: kra) Definition/Notes: x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] ; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra’i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto) |
| south | snanu (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: nan) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna) |
| spaji | surprise (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: paj) Definition/Notes: x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)] ; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa) |
| spofu | broken (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: pof po’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu’e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja’e, nutpo’uja’e)] ; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre) |
| srana | pertain (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: ra’a) Definition/Notes: x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] ; (cf. cmavo list ra’a, ckini, ponse, steci) |
| stali | remain (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: sta) Definition/Notes: x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2(cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi) |
| stasu | soup (selmaho: FIhO) Definition/Notes: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] ; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso) |
| stuna | east (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: sun) Definition/Notes: x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3(cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna) |
| sudden | suksa (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: suk) Definition/Notes: x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 [also abrupt, discontinuous] ; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile) |
| suksa | sudden (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: suk) Definition/Notes: x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 [also abrupt, discontinuous] ; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile) |
| surprise | spaji (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: paj) Definition/Notes: x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)] ; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa) |
| ta’o | by the way (selmaho: UI3) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: discursive: by the way – returning to main point (cf. denpa, cneterta’a) |
| take | lebna (selmaho: JOI) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/ [removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) [also confiscate, appropriate] ; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] ; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva) |
| tarmi | shape (selmaho: TAhE) (rafsi: tam tai) Definition/Notes: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci’ersaptai, saptai, ci’ersmitai, smitai)] ; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, |
| tcika | time of day (selmaho: UI5) Definition/Notes: x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 [also o’clock, time-of-day] ; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi’e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca) |
| teach | ctuca (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ctu) Definition/Notes: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du’u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] ; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni) |
| temci | time (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: tem tei) Definition/Notes: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/ [elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] ; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi) |
| there at | va (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: vaz) Definition/Notes: location tense distance: near to … ; there at …; a medium/small distance from … |
| throw | renro (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: rer re’o) Definition/Notes: x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1)(cf. cecla (more general term), danti) |
| ti’e | I hear (selmaho: UI2) (rafsi: soz) Definition/Notes: evidential: I hear (hearsay) (cf. tirna, sitna, tcidu) |
| tilju | heavy (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: tij) Definition/Notes: x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2(cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta) |
| time | temci (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: tem tei) Definition/Notes: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/ [elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] ; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi) |
| time of day | tcika (selmaho: UI5) Definition/Notes: x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 [also o’clock, time-of-day] ; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi’e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti’u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca) |
| transfer | benji (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: bej be’i) Definition/Notes: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 [also possibly ’’sharing’’; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied] ; [x5 carrier] ; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be’i, bevri, mrilu, tcana) |
| travel | litru (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: li’u) Definition/Notes: x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller(x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu) |
| trixe | behind (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: rix ti’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo’u, rixybo’ukamju)] ; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle) |
| tsani | sky (selmaho: ZAhO) (rafsi: tan) Definition/Notes: x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi) |
| turni | govern (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: tru) Definition/Notes: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi’o), representative democracy (= rolka’itrusi’o), viceroy (= ka’itru), pure communism (= guntrusi’o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (em |
| va | there at (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: vaz) Definition/Notes: location tense distance: near to … ; there at …; a medium/small distance from … |
| vau | end simple bridi (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: tem tei) Definition/Notes: elidable: end of sumti in simple bridi; in compound bridi, separates common trailing sumti |
| vreta | reclining (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: vre) Definition/Notes: x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2(cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni) |
| weep | klaku (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: kak) Definition/Notes: x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)(cf. badri, krixa) |
| well | jinto (selmaho: FIhO) Definition/Notes: x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3(cf. krasi, djacu, fenra) |
| whole time interval | ze’e (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ze’e) Definition/Notes: time tense interval: the whole of time |
| window | canko (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: ca’o) Definition/Notes: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2(cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe) |
| with active agent | gau (selmaho: BAI) Definition/Notes: gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent … |
| with actor | zu’e (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: xar) Definition/Notes: zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor … |
| without | secau (selmaho: BAI*) (rafsi: pa’a) Definition/Notes: claxu modal, 2nd place (lacking) without … |
| woman | ninmu (selmaho: UI5) (rafsi: nim ni’u) Definition/Notes: x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] ; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli) |
| xanri | imaginary (selmaho: COI) (rafsi: xar) Definition/Notes: x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn’t exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] ; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidb |
| xlali | bad (selmaho: FIhO) (rafsi: xla) Definition/Notes: x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko’a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko’a xlali)] ; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri) |
| xusra | assert (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: xus xu’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du’u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] ; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre) |
| year | nanca (selmaho: PA4) (rafsi: na’a) Definition/Notes: x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual [this year (= cabna’a); next year (= bavlamna’a); last year (= prulamna’a)] ; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti) |
| your described as | ledo (selmaho: LE*) (rafsi: leb le’a) Definition/Notes: possessive/associative descriptor: the one(s) described as, of yours |
| zdile | amusing (selmaho: NIhO) (rafsi: zdi) Definition/Notes: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/ [game] for x2] ; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for ‘funny’, kelci) |
| ze’e | whole time interval (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ze’e) Definition/Notes: time tense interval: the whole of time |
| ze’i | short time interval (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: ze’e) Definition/Notes: time tense interval: an instantaneous/tiny/short amount of time |
| zenba | increase (selmaho: VAU) (rafsi: zen ze’a) Definition/Notes: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3(cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina) |
| zifre | free (selmaho: VA) (rafsi: zif zi’e) Definition/Notes: x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] ; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili) |
| zu | long time (selmaho: ZI) (rafsi: zif zi’e) Definition/Notes: time tense distance: long distance in time |
| zu’e | with actor (selmaho: BAI) (rafsi: xar) Definition/Notes: zukte modal, 1st place (purposed agent) with goal-seeking actor … |
| zunti | interfere (selmaho: ZEhA) (rafsi: zun zu’i) Definition/Notes: x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo) |